In the aftermath of Hurricane Maria in 2017, Puerto Rico faced a catastrophic collapse of its centralized electrical grid, leaving communities without power for extended periods. This crisis illuminated the vulnerabilities inherent in centralized energy systems, especially in geographically isolated and disaster-prone regions. In response, a transformative shift towards decentralized, renewable-powered microgrids has been underway, redefining the island’s approach to energy resilience.
The Engineering Challenge
Puerto Rico’s pre-hurricane energy infrastructure was heavily reliant on imported fossil fuels and centralized power generation facilities located far from demand centers. The failure of transmission lines during the hurricane resulted in widespread outages, highlighting the need for a more resilient and localized energy solution. This led to the adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs), particularly solar photovoltaic (PV) systems paired with battery storage, enabling communities to operate independently from the main grid during emergencies.
Case Study: Adjuntas Community Microgrid
In the mountainous town of Adjuntas, the nonprofit Casa Pueblo, in collaboration with the Honnold Foundation, established a solar-powered microgrid. This system powers critical infrastructure, including refrigeration, communication systems, and medical equipment, ensuring continuous operation during grid outages. Key components include rooftop solar arrays, lithium-ion battery storage, and autonomous controls facilitating island mode operation.
Industrial Innovation: Crowley’s LNG-Fueled Microgrid
Expanding beyond community-based initiatives, industrial players are also embracing microgrid solutions. In March 2025, Crowley, a leading U.S. logistics provider, announced the installation of a liquefied natural gas (LNG)-fueled microgrid at its Isla Grande logistics terminal in San Juan. This microgrid is designed to power terminal equipment, refrigerated containers, and administrative facilities, enhancing operational resilience and reducing reliance on the public grid. Scheduled for completion in early 2026, this project is part of Crowley’s broader investment of over $550 million to strengthen Puerto Rico’s supply chain infrastructure.
Scaling the Model: Utility-Approved Microgrids
In addition to grassroots and industrial efforts, utility-scale microgrid projects are gaining momentum. The Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) and LUMA Energy are mandated to integrate microgrids into the island’s energy modernization plans, aiming for 100% renewable energy by 2050 as stipulated by the Puerto Rico Energy Public Policy Act (Act 17-2019). Notable projects include the Solar Libre initiative, deploying solar and battery storage across community health centers, and the Rincon Resilience Hub, an educational and emergency center powered by its own PV and battery system.
Engineering Takeaways
For professionals in electrical and systems engineering, Puerto Rico’s microgrid evolution offers valuable insights:
– Control Strategies: Developing algorithms for inverter-dominant grids to maintain stability and reliability.
– DER Coordination: Managing distributed energy resources in unbalanced distribution networks.
– Interconnection Protocols: Establishing standards for microgrid integration and grid-forming inverter protocols.
– Digital Twin Modeling: Utilizing simulations to design and test microgrid performance under various scenarios.
Building the Workforce to Lead Grid Resilience
To equip engineers with the necessary skills to lead in this evolving energy landscape, the Microgrid Systems Certificate Program, developed by Telepath Systems in conjunction with Cleveland State University, offers comprehensive training. The program covers microgrid architecture, operational strategies, and digital twin modeling, preparing professionals to design and implement resilient energy systems.